An Orthogonal Test of the L-functions Ratios Conjecture

We test the predictions of the L-functions Ratios Conjecture for the family of cuspidal newforms of weight k and level N , with either k fixed and N → ∞ through the primes or N = 1 and k → ∞. We study the main and lower order terms in the 1-level density. We provide evidence for the Ratios Conjecture by computing and confirming its predictions up to a power savings in the family’s cardinality, at least for test functions whose Fourier transforms are supported in (−2, 2). We do this both for the weighted and unweighted 1-level density (where in the weighted case we use the Petersson weights), thus showing that either formulation may be used. These two 1-level densities differ by a term of size 1/ log(kN). Finally, we show that there is another way of extending the sums arising in the Ratios Conjecture, leading to a different answer (although the answer is such a lower order term that it is hopeless to observe which is correct).